An Urban Legend
A friend of mine knows a family who were on vacation, driving through some remote part of the country in their station wagon. They had brought Grandma along even though she was quite elderly and not feeling well, because her heart was set on taking this one last trip with her grandchildren and they didn't want to disappoint her. Unfortunately, at some point during the long drive Grandma suddenly passed away in the back seat of the car. Her grandchildren, sitting on either side of her, became hysterical.
Since they were several hours away from the nearest sizable city, the father did the only thing he could think of to remedy the situation. He wrapped Grandma's corpse in a thick blanket, secured it to the luggage rack on top of the station wagon, and drove on.
When they finally reached the outskirts of civilization the father stopped at a service station and everyone clambered out of the car while he used a payphone to call authorities and report the death. Understandably nervous and upset, he didn't realize he had left the keys in the ignition.
When the family went back to the car they found it had been stolen, along with all their possessions... and Grandma.
This is a typical urban legend, which makes most people nervous, but stillsome of them get amused. This type of myths make an impact in people's behaviors and lifes, but not to everybody of course, mostly to supersticious people.
When people hear this, the first thing they would try not to do, would be to leave the keys in the ignition, an leave the car on, in the case of this urban legend or myth, but of course there are lots of them, all of them different and from different places.
In some cases these myths are used by parents or people in general, to scare others and make them do what they want; and I would think that in Ukraine, just like in any other part of the world, believers of these stories are mostly from small towns, or people from far away places, or from out of the country.
In other cases these myths are created and made up by people, not only to scare others, but to explain things they don't understand; they find in these stories maybe the answer they are looking for, or maybe the one they are trying to hear, but still it doesn't really matter the reason why they are created, the only one thing that's for sure is that it only takes one person to say something like this, for the rest of people to believe it, and start spreading it, because certainly gossip is the fastest mean of comunication, for good or for wrong, I don't know, an it's not my purpose to find that out, but the thing is that these type of stories, are spread among people just like butter is spread on bread.
miércoles, 21 de noviembre de 2007
Consequences of cime in Ukrain
Organized crime and corruption in Ukrain are major threats to the vialty and stability of the country, and are actually starting to corrode it's economy, because even though it's such a reach country, human and material resurces wide, it's economic indictors rank in the lower ones.
Most of these economic issues are associated to their political leaders, the people believe they have been robbed of their futures, because their government steals from them, and distributes their wealth in an inequitable way, consequence of the ppropriation and privatization of the property.
The highly visible economic inequality is particularly problematic for stability, long-term speaking, and mainly because the mass of Ukraine's citizens were educated in the socialist ideology, commited to economic equality.
This situation is very similr to the one happening here in colombia, in a lot of aspects, because part of the great quantity of people that are poor, it's consequence of corrup poliical leaders.
It's also similr in the fact that colombia it's a very rich country, for example in naturl resources, but are not correctly exploted, and money is not well handled.
Most of these economic issues are associated to their political leaders, the people believe they have been robbed of their futures, because their government steals from them, and distributes their wealth in an inequitable way, consequence of the ppropriation and privatization of the property.
The highly visible economic inequality is particularly problematic for stability, long-term speaking, and mainly because the mass of Ukraine's citizens were educated in the socialist ideology, commited to economic equality.
This situation is very similr to the one happening here in colombia, in a lot of aspects, because part of the great quantity of people that are poor, it's consequence of corrup poliical leaders.
It's also similr in the fact that colombia it's a very rich country, for example in naturl resources, but are not correctly exploted, and money is not well handled.
lunes, 22 de octubre de 2007
excesive things in ukraine ( HIV/AIDS)
Global Challenges - Clinton Foundation Signs Agreement With Ukraine To Scale Up Country's Fight Against HIV/AIDSFormer President Clinton on Sunday signed an agreement with Ukrainian Health Minister Yuri Poliachenko under which the Clinton Foundation will help the country scale up its fight against HIV/AIDS, the AP/Seattle Post-Intelligencer reports (Bellaby, AP/Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11/27). The agreement will expand the role of the foundation in Ukraine and includes establishing a training and mentoring program for HIV/AIDS clinicians, improving the country's drug procurement process and increasing HIV-positive injection drug users' access to care and treatment programs (Clinton Foundation release, 11/27). The Ukrainian government and the Clinton Foundation in 2004 signed an agreement giving the country access to the foundation's reduced-price antiretroviral drugs and diagnostics (Ukrainian News, 11/28). Some HIV/AIDS experts estimate that about 1% of Ukraine's population, or 500,000 people, are living with HIV, according to the AP/Post-Intelligencer. Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko has made curbing the disease a focus of his administration amid fears over the epidemic's effects on the country's economy (AP/Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11/27). Yushchenko earlier this month announced the creation of a committee on AIDS, tuberculosis and drug addiction in the country, according to Ukrainian Prime Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov (Interfax, 11/27). www.acunu.org/millennium/challeng.html - 11k
Analisis:
In my opinion, the signing of this new agreement between former US president Clinton and the Ukranian Health Minister, in which they agreed to scale up Ukrain's fight against HIV/AIDS,
the Clinton Foundation is giving a big help in supporting this cause; besides expanding it's role in this country.
The foundation is going to implement all kinds of mentoring and training programs to people in the health sector, to be able to improve treatments and results in patients; having the help of course of the Ukrainian government, costs and resources wise.
All this is being made, because the Ukrainian president has made this issue, a very important one and focus of his administration, because the disease is having a great effect in the country's economy, considering that 1% of the population suffers from it.
Analisis:
In my opinion, the signing of this new agreement between former US president Clinton and the Ukranian Health Minister, in which they agreed to scale up Ukrain's fight against HIV/AIDS,
the Clinton Foundation is giving a big help in supporting this cause; besides expanding it's role in this country.
The foundation is going to implement all kinds of mentoring and training programs to people in the health sector, to be able to improve treatments and results in patients; having the help of course of the Ukrainian government, costs and resources wise.
All this is being made, because the Ukrainian president has made this issue, a very important one and focus of his administration, because the disease is having a great effect in the country's economy, considering that 1% of the population suffers from it.
ukraine and colombia
Ukraine and colombia are countries very different obviously because the culture, geography, and development.
but this 2 have q
ualities, and caracteristics that made each one unique; for example we are going to talk about the good and bad things about both countries.
ukraine is a country development and colombia is not developed yet; that means that people in ukraine have more money and live more conftable than colombian people; and that means a lot of things because here in colombia we have war because of this, we are the only country in the world whit "gerrilla", and in ukraine they dont imagine this, but not everything is to bad in colombia, many people like to come here not because money or opportunities, is because the people here is so nice and you can feel at home all the time, the food is so delicious and bogota the capital have a variety of places to visit we have 2 sides the poor one and the rich one; and we can see the really diference,but anyways, after bogota there are so many beautifull regions, like cartagena is the favorite place for foreigns to visit, and is not dangerous; in the other hand ukraine have many beatifull places and there are history for the world, like the golden gate and many museums.
this two countries like i said had qualities and good and bad things but the extreme diference make this two, be so close, because the culture, the beauty, the nice people, and hopefully colombia developed for good to bring opportunities and had a better life style.
but this 2 have q
ualities, and caracteristics that made each one unique; for example we are going to talk about the good and bad things about both countries.
ukraine is a country development and colombia is not developed yet; that means that people in ukraine have more money and live more conftable than colombian people; and that means a lot of things because here in colombia we have war because of this, we are the only country in the world whit "gerrilla", and in ukraine they dont imagine this, but not everything is to bad in colombia, many people like to come here not because money or opportunities, is because the people here is so nice and you can feel at home all the time, the food is so delicious and bogota the capital have a variety of places to visit we have 2 sides the poor one and the rich one; and we can see the really diference,but anyways, after bogota there are so many beautifull regions, like cartagena is the favorite place for foreigns to visit, and is not dangerous; in the other hand ukraine have many beatifull places and there are history for the world, like the golden gate and many museums.
this two countries like i said had qualities and good and bad things but the extreme diference make this two, be so close, because the culture, the beauty, the nice people, and hopefully colombia developed for good to bring opportunities and had a better life style.
martes, 9 de octubre de 2007
TEXT CRITIQUE OF "JUDGING WHO IS POOR IN UKRAINE"
JUDGIN WHO IS POOR IN UKRAINE
Author:Tom Coupe, Bohdan Povoroznyk
by: luz angela palacios
This text show us how Ukrain economicly speaking, because we might have the idea of this country as a very poor one, but e relly isven if it has some poverty, it is also in the path of development, and certainly it's on the right way to acomplish it..
Ukrainians often think if themselves as poor people, but still, that is a very subjective concept, beause what is poor to them, isn't really poor, is just that other people have more incomes. Even though, incomes rates are used to measure poverty in developed countries, in countries as Ukrain, it is measured by consumption and expenditures.
The purpose of this text, is to inform us and give us a wide view to what the economic siuation of Ukrain really is, and to show us that people in this country isn't as poor as they think they are, that they are worried about not having certain luxuries and not about suplying basic needs to people that are really poor. Besides this country actually has a very high conomic growth rate, it has reuced it's poverty 50 percnt in the last years, and it's growing in a very accelerated way, like 7 percent anually.
I think of this text s a very iteresting one because it is also showing what some Ukrainians that actually can help, are doing it, because shoing the level of poverty in the country allows us to see also how it is improving; for example Muhammed Yunus, a very well known economist, who studied in the United States of America, came back to his country and started giving small loans of money to very poor people that had been denied to have these loans, by the banks; and they have actually shown to be very usefull, because they have started their own bussinesses and started to see their incomes grow.
The conclusion is that Ukranians who have means, instead of worring about increasing their assets, just to have more and more innecesary luxuries, should be really doing something to help the really poor people in their country, that don't have basic needs to survive, and should follow the example of Muhammed Yunus, someone who did something and marked the difference.
Author:Tom Coupe, Bohdan Povoroznyk
by: luz angela palacios
This text show us how Ukrain economicly speaking, because we might have the idea of this country as a very poor one, but e relly isven if it has some poverty, it is also in the path of development, and certainly it's on the right way to acomplish it..
Ukrainians often think if themselves as poor people, but still, that is a very subjective concept, beause what is poor to them, isn't really poor, is just that other people have more incomes. Even though, incomes rates are used to measure poverty in developed countries, in countries as Ukrain, it is measured by consumption and expenditures.
The purpose of this text, is to inform us and give us a wide view to what the economic siuation of Ukrain really is, and to show us that people in this country isn't as poor as they think they are, that they are worried about not having certain luxuries and not about suplying basic needs to people that are really poor. Besides this country actually has a very high conomic growth rate, it has reuced it's poverty 50 percnt in the last years, and it's growing in a very accelerated way, like 7 percent anually.
I think of this text s a very iteresting one because it is also showing what some Ukrainians that actually can help, are doing it, because shoing the level of poverty in the country allows us to see also how it is improving; for example Muhammed Yunus, a very well known economist, who studied in the United States of America, came back to his country and started giving small loans of money to very poor people that had been denied to have these loans, by the banks; and they have actually shown to be very usefull, because they have started their own bussinesses and started to see their incomes grow.
The conclusion is that Ukranians who have means, instead of worring about increasing their assets, just to have more and more innecesary luxuries, should be really doing something to help the really poor people in their country, that don't have basic needs to survive, and should follow the example of Muhammed Yunus, someone who did something and marked the difference.
JUDGING WHO IS POOR IN UKRAINE
Judging Who is Poor in Ukraine
By Tom Coupe, Bohdan Povoroznyk
Foreign visitors, prior to visiting Ukraine for the first time, often expect they will see a lot of poverty. Many are then surprised when they arrive in Kyiv and see all the construction going on, the expensive cars on the streets and the flashy bars and restaurants along Khreshchatyk, Kyiv's main street. And even those who do not restrict themselves to the rich center of the capital and tour through the country often leave with the impression that people in Ukraine aren't that bad off. For many foreign visitors, Ukrainians definitely do better than expected.
If you ask Ukrainians, however, many will consider themselves poor. Indeed, according to the Ukrainian national statistical agency, about a third of all Ukrainians consider themselves poor.
It is possible that neither foreign visitors impressions nor Ukrainians' self-evaluation are the best indicators of the real situation in Ukraine. Indeed, the rich foreigner might have a rosy picture of the life of a farmer in a rural area that has a quiet existence in the middle of nature. And the Ukrainian Mercedes owner might feel poor since he cannot buy a Bentley. Economists have tried to develop objective indicators of poverty to overcome the obvious tendency toward subjectivity.
Economists typically use income or consumption expenditures as preferred indicators of living standards. Generally, income is used for measuring poverty in developed countries and consumption or expenditures for developing countries. Researchers argue that consumption expenditures are a more preferable proxy for measuring poverty in countries like Ukraine because of the problems related to measuring income - due to high taxation and the existence of a huge underground economy, income indeed is often underreported. How much a person consumes may thus be a better indicator of poverty. However, the expenditures approach has a lot of drawbacks: first, a researcher needs to know the precise values of all consumed goods, which is often difficult to ascertain, e.g. when determining the rental price of a house owned by a person. And a person who owns a lot of assets but consumes little will be considered poor based on the expenditures method. An alternative method that has been proposed is the asset-index method. Using this method, a person may be considered poor if he does not own or does not have access to specific assets. The 'assets' included may be basic assets like heating, access to warm water or electricity or, on top of the basic assets, more luxurious assets such as computers and mobile phones.
According to a 2003 World Bank survey, around 19 percent of the Ukrainian population lived in poverty at that time. Based on the criteria employed, one needed UAH 151.1 per person per month in 2003 to be able to buy a specific basket of food and non-food products. For the United States, the percentage living in poverty was 13 percent, for the UK 17 percent and for China 22 percent. The World Bank also computed that 42 percent of world population lives below the poverty line.It was also found that there are not only substantial differences in poverty rates between countries, but that also within Ukraine, there were substantial regional differences. Rural regions have a poverty rate twice that of urban regions. Geographically, the more industrialized and urbanized Eastern regions are less poor, and the agricultural and rural south Western regions have higher poverty rates than the average.
More recently researchers have argued that when one wants to classify people as poor or non-poor, one should take into account not only physical needs (such as food, housing, education, health care) but also nonphysical needs (like participation in social life, social status, etc.). For example, Amartya Sen, the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Science argues that there is a strong case for judging an individual's situation in terms of the 'opportunities' a person has, i.e., the freedoms he or she enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value. It means that we should look at poverty as a dispossession of basic opportunities, rather than as a lack of income, assets or expenditures, which are the more traditional criteria for judging poverty.
One problem with all these approaches is that they typically rely on surveys - people are asked about their income, their expenditures, their wealth and whether or not they consider themselves poor. But of course, not everybody will answer such questions - the interviewer who approaches the local oligarch with such questions is unlikely to get past the guards. What's more important, the very poor people - those living on the street or hidden in some rundown apartment - are unlikely to be interviewed, so poverty statistics definitely do not capture the extreme poverty that people typically remember or think of when they imagine poor people.
Being able to accurately determine who is poor and who is not, while extremely difficult and controversial as explained above, is very important since income redistribution often relies on the poverty concept. Indeed, people typically are willing to support taxing their income to support the poor. While many people will accept that the governments spends money to help homeless people or gives money to people who are on the verge of starving, it is less clear that people are willing to spend money to make the life of, say, a farmer more easy by providing him support to improve his housing conditions.
Being able to say who is poor and who is not is also important because it allows one to measure how successful actions are that are directed towards combating poverty. Many economists will argue that stimulating economic growth is the best way to fight poverty. A very nice example of this is the success of the micro-credit system. In the 1960's, Muhammed Yunus left his native Bangladesh on a Fulbright scholarship to study for a doctorate in economics in the United States. After finishing his studies and a short stint as professor in the States, he went back to Bangladesh where he started giving small loans to poor people because the traditional banks were not interested in providing such small loans. These small loans allowed the poor people to start or improve and expand their small businesses. By stimulating economic activity and helping them to escape poverty, Yunus' ideas and their successful implementation resulted in his being awarded this year's Nobel Prize for Peace.
The abovementioned report of the World Bank indicated that economic growth is also crucial for Ukraine. It showed that the incidence of poverty was reduced by about 50 percent between 2000 and 2003. Researchers found that this 50 percent drop in poverty was one of the fastest reductions in the region and was associated with fast economic growth of more than 7 percent per year. Visitors who come to explore investment opportunities thus have an additional argument in favor of doing business in Ukraine.
Tom Coupe' is Program Director, Economics Education and Research Consortium (MA program in economics of NaUKMA) and Academic Director, Kyiv Economics Institute. Bohdan Povoroznyk is a researcher at EERC-EROC. The views expressed in this article are the authors' views, not the views of the institutions to which they are affiliated.
By Tom Coupe, Bohdan Povoroznyk
Foreign visitors, prior to visiting Ukraine for the first time, often expect they will see a lot of poverty. Many are then surprised when they arrive in Kyiv and see all the construction going on, the expensive cars on the streets and the flashy bars and restaurants along Khreshchatyk, Kyiv's main street. And even those who do not restrict themselves to the rich center of the capital and tour through the country often leave with the impression that people in Ukraine aren't that bad off. For many foreign visitors, Ukrainians definitely do better than expected.
If you ask Ukrainians, however, many will consider themselves poor. Indeed, according to the Ukrainian national statistical agency, about a third of all Ukrainians consider themselves poor.
It is possible that neither foreign visitors impressions nor Ukrainians' self-evaluation are the best indicators of the real situation in Ukraine. Indeed, the rich foreigner might have a rosy picture of the life of a farmer in a rural area that has a quiet existence in the middle of nature. And the Ukrainian Mercedes owner might feel poor since he cannot buy a Bentley. Economists have tried to develop objective indicators of poverty to overcome the obvious tendency toward subjectivity.
Economists typically use income or consumption expenditures as preferred indicators of living standards. Generally, income is used for measuring poverty in developed countries and consumption or expenditures for developing countries. Researchers argue that consumption expenditures are a more preferable proxy for measuring poverty in countries like Ukraine because of the problems related to measuring income - due to high taxation and the existence of a huge underground economy, income indeed is often underreported. How much a person consumes may thus be a better indicator of poverty. However, the expenditures approach has a lot of drawbacks: first, a researcher needs to know the precise values of all consumed goods, which is often difficult to ascertain, e.g. when determining the rental price of a house owned by a person. And a person who owns a lot of assets but consumes little will be considered poor based on the expenditures method. An alternative method that has been proposed is the asset-index method. Using this method, a person may be considered poor if he does not own or does not have access to specific assets. The 'assets' included may be basic assets like heating, access to warm water or electricity or, on top of the basic assets, more luxurious assets such as computers and mobile phones.
According to a 2003 World Bank survey, around 19 percent of the Ukrainian population lived in poverty at that time. Based on the criteria employed, one needed UAH 151.1 per person per month in 2003 to be able to buy a specific basket of food and non-food products. For the United States, the percentage living in poverty was 13 percent, for the UK 17 percent and for China 22 percent. The World Bank also computed that 42 percent of world population lives below the poverty line.It was also found that there are not only substantial differences in poverty rates between countries, but that also within Ukraine, there were substantial regional differences. Rural regions have a poverty rate twice that of urban regions. Geographically, the more industrialized and urbanized Eastern regions are less poor, and the agricultural and rural south Western regions have higher poverty rates than the average.
More recently researchers have argued that when one wants to classify people as poor or non-poor, one should take into account not only physical needs (such as food, housing, education, health care) but also nonphysical needs (like participation in social life, social status, etc.). For example, Amartya Sen, the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Science argues that there is a strong case for judging an individual's situation in terms of the 'opportunities' a person has, i.e., the freedoms he or she enjoys to lead the kind of life he or she has reason to value. It means that we should look at poverty as a dispossession of basic opportunities, rather than as a lack of income, assets or expenditures, which are the more traditional criteria for judging poverty.
One problem with all these approaches is that they typically rely on surveys - people are asked about their income, their expenditures, their wealth and whether or not they consider themselves poor. But of course, not everybody will answer such questions - the interviewer who approaches the local oligarch with such questions is unlikely to get past the guards. What's more important, the very poor people - those living on the street or hidden in some rundown apartment - are unlikely to be interviewed, so poverty statistics definitely do not capture the extreme poverty that people typically remember or think of when they imagine poor people.
Being able to accurately determine who is poor and who is not, while extremely difficult and controversial as explained above, is very important since income redistribution often relies on the poverty concept. Indeed, people typically are willing to support taxing their income to support the poor. While many people will accept that the governments spends money to help homeless people or gives money to people who are on the verge of starving, it is less clear that people are willing to spend money to make the life of, say, a farmer more easy by providing him support to improve his housing conditions.
Being able to say who is poor and who is not is also important because it allows one to measure how successful actions are that are directed towards combating poverty. Many economists will argue that stimulating economic growth is the best way to fight poverty. A very nice example of this is the success of the micro-credit system. In the 1960's, Muhammed Yunus left his native Bangladesh on a Fulbright scholarship to study for a doctorate in economics in the United States. After finishing his studies and a short stint as professor in the States, he went back to Bangladesh where he started giving small loans to poor people because the traditional banks were not interested in providing such small loans. These small loans allowed the poor people to start or improve and expand their small businesses. By stimulating economic activity and helping them to escape poverty, Yunus' ideas and their successful implementation resulted in his being awarded this year's Nobel Prize for Peace.
The abovementioned report of the World Bank indicated that economic growth is also crucial for Ukraine. It showed that the incidence of poverty was reduced by about 50 percent between 2000 and 2003. Researchers found that this 50 percent drop in poverty was one of the fastest reductions in the region and was associated with fast economic growth of more than 7 percent per year. Visitors who come to explore investment opportunities thus have an additional argument in favor of doing business in Ukraine.
Tom Coupe' is Program Director, Economics Education and Research Consortium (MA program in economics of NaUKMA) and Academic Director, Kyiv Economics Institute. Bohdan Povoroznyk is a researcher at EERC-EROC. The views expressed in this article are the authors' views, not the views of the institutions to which they are affiliated.
the life of some succesfull people of ukraine
Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko:
Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko (Ukrainian: Руслана Степанівна Лижичко; born May 24, 1973) is the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 from Lviv, Ukraine.
Born in 1973, she is a singer, dancer, producer, composer, conductor, and pianist. She writes, composes and produces her own songs and music videos.
Ruslana started her career as a winner of Slavyanskiy Bazar song competition in 1996. Her first album, Myt' vesny (Мить весни, A Moment of Spring) received high praise from the critics. It was a relative success given the overall state of Ukrainian music market of that time. Still, wider recognition didn't come until 1998 with the song Svitanok (Sunrise) and the album Myt' Vesny - Dzvinkyj Viter Live. Svitanok was the first big video clip in Ukraine. In 1999 she worked on the Christmas musical Ostanne rizdvo 90th (The Last Christmas of the 90's), which won the Ukrainian Movie of the Year award. Her album Dyki Tantsi (Wild Dances) which was issued in 2003 went double platinum in Ukraine, selling over 200,000 copies. According to the latest sales results (as of 2005), over 500,000 of "Dyki Tantsi" were sold in Ukraine, making the album 5x platinum.
She won the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song Wild Dances, which earned 280 points, receiving points from 34 of the 35 other countries participating in the contest (the exception being Switzerland).
Nikolai Berdyaev:
Early Life and Education
Berdyaev was born in Kiev into an aristocratic military family. He spent a solitary childhood at home, where his father's library allowed him to read widely. He read Hegel, Schopenhauer, and Kant when only fourteen years old and excelled at languages.
Revolutionary Activities
Berdyaev decided on an intellectual career and entered the Kiev University in 1894. This was a time of revolutionary fervor among the students and the intelligentsia. Berdyaev became a Marxist and in 1898 was arrested in a student demonstration and expelled from the University. Later his involvement in illegal activities led to three years of internal exile in central Russia – a mild sentence compared to that faced by many other revolutionaries.
In 1904 Berdyaev married Lydia Trusheff and the couple moved to St. Petersburg, the Russian capital and centre of intellectual and revolutionary activity. Berdyaev participated fully in intellectual and spiritual debate, eventually departing from radical Marxism to focus his attention on philosophy and spirituality. Berdyaev and Trusheff remained deeply committed to each other until the latter's death in 1945.
Georges Charpak :(born August 1, 1924) is a Polish-French physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics winner.
Charpak was born in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (modern Dubrovytsia, Ukraine) to a Jewish family of Polish origin as Jerzy Charpak. Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old.
During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. After graduating from Lycée de Montpellier, in 1945 he joined the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen.
He graduated and in 1948 he earned the Bachelor's degree in mining engineering and started working for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his doctorate in 1954 from Nuclear Physics at the Collège de France, Paris, where he worked in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. In 1959 he joined the staff of CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva and in 1984 also became Joliot-Curie professor at the School of Advanced Studies in Physics and Chemistry (in French 'Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles', ESPCI), Paris.
He was made a member of the French Academy of Science in 1985. In 1992, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber".
Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko (Ukrainian: Руслана Степанівна Лижичко; born May 24, 1973) is the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 from Lviv, Ukraine.
Born in 1973, she is a singer, dancer, producer, composer, conductor, and pianist. She writes, composes and produces her own songs and music videos.
Ruslana started her career as a winner of Slavyanskiy Bazar song competition in 1996. Her first album, Myt' vesny (Мить весни, A Moment of Spring) received high praise from the critics. It was a relative success given the overall state of Ukrainian music market of that time. Still, wider recognition didn't come until 1998 with the song Svitanok (Sunrise) and the album Myt' Vesny - Dzvinkyj Viter Live. Svitanok was the first big video clip in Ukraine. In 1999 she worked on the Christmas musical Ostanne rizdvo 90th (The Last Christmas of the 90's), which won the Ukrainian Movie of the Year award. Her album Dyki Tantsi (Wild Dances) which was issued in 2003 went double platinum in Ukraine, selling over 200,000 copies. According to the latest sales results (as of 2005), over 500,000 of "Dyki Tantsi" were sold in Ukraine, making the album 5x platinum.
She won the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song Wild Dances, which earned 280 points, receiving points from 34 of the 35 other countries participating in the contest (the exception being Switzerland).
Nikolai Berdyaev:
Early Life and Education
Berdyaev was born in Kiev into an aristocratic military family. He spent a solitary childhood at home, where his father's library allowed him to read widely. He read Hegel, Schopenhauer, and Kant when only fourteen years old and excelled at languages.
Revolutionary Activities
Berdyaev decided on an intellectual career and entered the Kiev University in 1894. This was a time of revolutionary fervor among the students and the intelligentsia. Berdyaev became a Marxist and in 1898 was arrested in a student demonstration and expelled from the University. Later his involvement in illegal activities led to three years of internal exile in central Russia – a mild sentence compared to that faced by many other revolutionaries.
In 1904 Berdyaev married Lydia Trusheff and the couple moved to St. Petersburg, the Russian capital and centre of intellectual and revolutionary activity. Berdyaev participated fully in intellectual and spiritual debate, eventually departing from radical Marxism to focus his attention on philosophy and spirituality. Berdyaev and Trusheff remained deeply committed to each other until the latter's death in 1945.
Georges Charpak :(born August 1, 1924) is a Polish-French physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics winner.
Charpak was born in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (modern Dubrovytsia, Ukraine) to a Jewish family of Polish origin as Jerzy Charpak. Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old.
During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. After graduating from Lycée de Montpellier, in 1945 he joined the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen.
He graduated and in 1948 he earned the Bachelor's degree in mining engineering and started working for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his doctorate in 1954 from Nuclear Physics at the Collège de France, Paris, where he worked in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. In 1959 he joined the staff of CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva and in 1984 also became Joliot-Curie professor at the School of Advanced Studies in Physics and Chemistry (in French 'Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles', ESPCI), Paris.
He was made a member of the French Academy of Science in 1985. In 1992, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber".
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